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The Mother and the Whore

1973

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A seismograph of the soul, recording the aftershocks of a generational earthquake. A verbal black hole that sucks in three hours and forty minutes of our lives only to spit them back out, transformed, hollowed, and strangely more aware. A funeral monument erected on the still-smouldering ruins of May ’68. Jean Eustache’s "The Mother and the Whore" is not a film; it is a terminal experience; the definitive necropsy of an era, of its loves and its words—above all, its words, used as shields, as scalpels, as shrouds.

We are in Paris, 1972. The barricades are a faded memory, the dreams of "power to the imagination" have dissolved into the grey Parisian air. What remains is the aftermath, the ebb tide, the cosmic disillusionment of those who watched History pass beneath their window, only to keep on walking. In this pneumatic void moves Alexandre (Jean-Pierre Léaud), an unemployed intellectual dandy, an existential parasite who lives on quotations, on others’ aphorisms, and on the care of Marie (Bernadette Lafont), his older partner who supports him in their small apartment, acting as both a maternal figure and a safe harbour. Alexandre is the embodiment of paralysis: he doesn't act, he reacts; he doesn't create, he recycles. He is a flâneur of the soul who spends his days at the tables of Café de Flore and Les Deux Magots, not to forge new avant-gardes, but to mummify the old ones. His verbosity is a defence mechanism against the silence of the world and the void within himself. Every one of his sentences is a piece of bravura stolen from someone else, from Murnau to Bresson, from Maurras to Sartre, a collage of thoughts that masks the absence of one of his own. Léaud, himself an icon of the Nouvelle Vague, here presides over its funeral. He is no longer Antoine Doinel, the restless and charming rebel; he is Doinel’s ghost, aged, embittered, run aground on the shoals of his own narcissism. Eustache commits a ruthless act of meta-cinematic deconstruction, using the symbol of an entire cinematic wave to declare its spiritual bankruptcy.

The precarious equilibrium of this non-life is shattered by the arrival of Veronika (Françoise Lebrun), a Polish nurse, promiscuous and desperately vital. If Marie is "the Mother," the solid ground of tradition and bourgeois stability that Alexandre despises yet depends on, Veronika is "the Whore"—the tempest, the unknown, a liquid modernity with nothing to hold on to. Thus begins a ménage à trois that has nothing of liberating transgression and everything of claustrophobic agony. The three characters orbit one another in a ballet of attraction and repulsion, trapped in bedrooms and Parisian cafés that become Dantean circles of discourse.

The film’s true protagonist, in fact, is the word. Eustache, almost in defiance of the militant and visually aggressive cinema of post-’68 Godard, chooses the opposite path: a radical devotion to the verb. His characters talk ceaselessly, in a torrential flow reminiscent of Céline’s feverish prose or the meticulous, exhausting self-analysis of a Dostoevsky character. But unlike the chiselled dialogues of a Rohmer, where the word is a tool for reaching ethical or sentimental clarity, here it is a cancer that proliferates, a white noise that prevents any real communication. They talk of love so as not to love, they theorize about sex so as not to feel the body, they discuss politics so as not to act. It is an overdose of language that leads to the collapse of meaning. In this, the film becomes a Proustian work in reverse: if in Proust involuntary memory brings the past back to the surface in all its sensory fullness, in Eustache memory is a weapon, a quotation to be brandished to wound the other, a dead archive from which to draw in building one’s own mask.

Shot in austere 16mm black and white, with long sequence shots that nail both the characters and the viewer to the same suffocating space, the film has the crudeness of a document and the precision of a theorem. Eustache does not aestheticize despair; he records it. His direction is an act of brutal honesty. We know that the script is almost entirely autobiographical, an assemblage of real conversations, diaries, and letters from the director himself and his lovers. This is not fiction; it is an exorcism, an act of self-vivisection staged with an almost suicidal artistic courage. And suicide, unfortunately, would hang over the figure of Eustache until his own tragic end in 1981, casting an even darker and more prophetic light on this work.

This whole verbal torrent, this three-voiced solipsism, culminates in one of the most devastating sequences in the history of cinema: Veronika’s final monologue. After yet another night of mechanical sex and empty words, drunk and annihilated, Veronika vomits up a stream of consciousness that demolishes everything. It is the cry that tears through the veil of intellectualism. She speaks of the body, of sex, of humiliation, of the desperate search for a connection that goes beyond the surface of clichés. It is a gut-wrenching plea for normality, for marriage, for children—for the entire bourgeois universe Alexandre has spent the whole film deriding. In that moment, "the Whore" reveals a desperate desire to be "the Mother," not as an archetype, but as a human being seeking an anchor in the chaos. It is the definitive indictment of the vacuity of a generation that, in the name of an abstract freedom, lost the ability to love and to connect. It is the point of no return, the word finally made flesh and blood, and it hurts like hell.

"The Mother and the Whore" is a difficult, exhausting, at times unbearable film. It demands of the viewer an almost monastic patience and capacity for listening. But its importance is incalculable. It is the epitaph of a failed revolution—one that failed not so much in the streets as in bedrooms and in consciences. It is the final word, the tombstone placed upon the Nouvelle Vague, of which Eustache was the last, most desperate, and perhaps most lucid heir. It is a work that, like the great Gothic cathedrals, can be admired for its complex architecture, but whose true purpose is to make us feel small and helpless before the mystery of faith—or, in this case, of its total and irremediable absence.

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