Vittorio De Seta (1923-2011) was an Italian director and documentary filmmaker, considered one of the most important masters of cinema of the real. His career began in the 1950s with the celebrated series of short documentary films, later collected under the title *Il mondo perduto*. Through works such as *Lu tempu di li pisci spata* and *Pastori di Orgosolo*, he portrayed the archaic life and harsh working conditions of fishermen, miners, and shepherds in the Mezzogiorno with a lyrical and rigorous style, innovatively using color and the Cinemascope format. This phase of anthropological and visual research culminated in his first fiction feature film, *Banditi a Orgosolo* (1961), which earned him the Golden Lion for Best First Feature at the Venice Film Festival. His subsequent filmography continued to explore social themes with works such as *Un uomo a metà* and *Diario di un maestro*. Throughout his career, he received numerous awards, including a special David di Donatello, establishing himself as a key figure in documentary cinema and visual anthropology.