**Raymond Massey (1896-1983)** was a Canadian-British actor. Known for his portrayal of authoritative figures, complex historical characters, and menacing antagonists, he was characterized by an imposing presence and a deep, distinctive voice.

His most celebrated performance is that of Abraham Lincoln in *Abe Lincoln in Illinois* (1940), which earned him an Academy Award nomination and made him almost synonymous with the president. Other memorable roles include the unsettling Jonathan Brewster in *Arsenic and Old Lace* (1944) and the antagonist Chorin in *The Scarlet Pimpernel* (1934). He also appeared in films such as *East of Eden* (1955) and the Dr. Kildare series. His long film career often saw him cast in roles of leadership or strong dramatic intensity.