
Anomalisa
2015
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An entire cosmogony can be born from a single voice. Or, in the case of Michael Stone, from its absence. "Anomalisa", the stop-motion work by Charlie Kaufman and Duke Johnson, is not merely an animated film for adults; it is an autopsy of the soul performed with a watchmaker's precision and a confessor's empathy. It is the cinematic materialization of a condition that psychiatry defines as Fregoli Syndrome, but which Kaufman, that eternal cartographer of the mind's prisons, translates into a universal experience of loneliness and despair. Michael Stone, a successful author of customer service manuals—an irony as sharp as a scalpel—lives in a monotone and monophonic world. Every single person he meets, from the taxi driver to his old flame, from his wife to his son, has the exact same, desolate face and, more crucially, the exact same, flat voice: that of the magnificent Tom Noonan.
This isn't a stylistic flourish, but the film's ontological foundation. It is the perceptual prison of solipsism made tangible. Michael's world is not populated by individuals, but by interchangeable projections of his own existential tedium. It is a Sartrean hell where "other people" are not just an annoyance, but a single, oppressive entity. The Fregoli hotel in Cincinnati, where most of the narrative unfolds, thus becomes an emblematic non-place, a limbo possessing the same architectural and spiritual desolation found in the paintings of Edward Hopper. Like Hopper's figures, Michael is an island of silent desperation in an environment that ought to foster connection but instead only amplifies its absence.
The choice of stop-motion, far from being a whim, is the keystone of the entire emotional architecture. These puppets, 3D-printed with an almost disturbing precision, do not hide their artificial nature. The seams on their faces are visible, a constant memento of their construction, of their being assembled piece by piece. Kaufman and Johnson don't strive for the hyperrealistic fluidity of a studio like Laika; on the contrary, they embrace the imperfection, the slight judder, the fragile physicality of their protagonists. And in this imperfection resides their humanity. Their awkward movements, the way their bodies bend and sit, reveal a vulnerability that flesh-and-blood actors would struggle to replicate. It is a brilliant paradox: using the most flagrantly artificial medium to tell one of the most viscerally human and authentic stories in recent cinema. The puppets of "Anomalisa" are not a barrier to reality, but a magnifying glass held up to it.
Into this purgatory of homogenization, Lisa erupts. And she erupts, first and foremost, as sound. An acoustic epiphany. Hearing her voice—the hesitant and wonderfully imperfect one of Jennifer Jason Leigh—from behind a corridor door, Michael experiences the equivalent of a mystical revelation. For the first time, a sound distinguishes itself from the background hum of existence. Lisa is not conventionally beautiful, she has a scar on her face that she is ashamed of, she is insecure and unfiltered. She is, in a word, real. And for Michael, her uniqueness is a promise of salvation, an anomaly in the system, his "Anomaly-Lisa."
The long, central sequence in the hotel room is a masterpiece of intimacy and of the dramaturgy of the ordinary. The awkward conversation, Lisa's request to sing a song (a heartbreaking version of Cyndi Lauper's "Girls Just Want to Have Fun," transformed from a pop anthem into a whispered confession of longing and melancholy), and the subsequent sex scene are of a disarming delicacy and realism. The animation allows the filmmakers to strip the sexual act of any glamorous patina, returning it to its clumsy and tender physicality. We see two imperfect bodies, two fragile souls seeking a desperate connection to escape, if only for one night, the prison of their own solitude. In this, Kaufman connects with the great American literary tradition of quiet desperation, the one that runs from John Cheever to David Foster Wallace, authors who captured the abyss of emptiness hiding behind the façade of suburban and professional normalcy.
But Kaufman is Kaufman, and no salvation is ever so simple. The film derails into a Kafkaesque nightmare where Michael's face comes loose, revealing the mechanisms underneath, and the hotel manager (still Tom Noonan) reveals to him that the whole world loves him, but that this love is conditional and fragile. It is the crisis of the self made manifest, the fear that one's identity is nothing but a fragile mask, a social construct ready to disintegrate. The tragedy is consummated the next morning. During breakfast, Lisa's little verbal tics, her mannerisms that had seemed so unique and charming the night before, begin to irritate Michael. And then, the horror: her voice begins to merge, to slide slowly but inexorably into the uniform timbre of Tom Noonan. The anomaly is reabsorbed by the system.
Herein lies the film's most ruthless and painful critique. Michael's salvation wasn't in Lisa as an individual, but in the idea of Lisa, in her function as an "Other" who could define him by contrast. It's a lethal deconstruction of the "Manic Pixie Dream Girl" trope, the eccentric woman who exists only to save the male protagonist from his ennui. Kaufman shows us that the problem was never the external world, but Michael's perception of it. As soon as Lisa ceases to be an ideal mirror for his needs and becomes a real person, with her own flaws and habits, she too is swallowed up by the same gray uniformity. The fault lies not in a monotonous world, but in his own inability to love the ordinary.
It is significant that a film so personal and uncompromising was financed in part through a Kickstarter campaign. This work, which speaks of the desperate search for a unique voice in an indistinct chorus, was itself born from a chorus of individual voices who believed in its uniqueness. It's an unintentional but potent meta-commentary on the nature of auteur cinema in an age of mass production.
The finale is glacially cruel. Back home, Michael is more alienated than ever. He brings his family a gift: an antique, mechanized Japanese sex doll, an automaton that sings a little song in a pre-recorded female voice. It is a simulacrum of uniqueness, a controllable, artificial anomaly—the exact opposite of the living, unpredictable Lisa. It is Michael's final surrender, his tacit acceptance of a life of fabricated authenticity. As his wife and friends (all with Noonan's face and voice) celebrate him, he sits isolated, a ghost at his own life. The final shot is of Lisa, writing a letter in which, despite everything, she feels lucky to have met him. She, unlike him, found in their encounter a fragment of beauty to hold onto. He, meanwhile, is already searching for the next, ephemeral anomaly. "Anomalisa" is a heartbreaking poem on the human condition, a work that uses artifice to excavate the deepest truth, leaving us with the chilling realization that, sometimes, hell isn't other people, but the mirror in which we can no longer recognize ourselves.
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